Yes, hotels can ask you to prove that you qualify for a corporate rate. Marriott requires corporate identification or other proof at check-in. Confirm which documents your hotel accepts before relying on the discounted booking.
Marriott's corporate booking policy requires evidence of eligibility. Its code rules say unauthorized use or missing identification may result in repricing to the Best Available Rate when you arrive. A code accepted online does not confirm that you meet the agreement's conditions.
Online verification can come first
Marriott may also check eligibility online through Corporate Qualified Rate Validation. The traveler signs in to Bonvoy and confirms a work email using a one-time code. Existing bookings made before a company's activation are unaffected, although proof can still be requested at arrival. Bookings through the company's own booking tool are outside this process.

What to arrange before arrival
Ask your employer's travel team whether the agreement covers your trip and what proof to carry. Then check the hotel's rate conditions. If the documents are not specified, contact the property with your reservation number and ask: "Which proof of employment or eligibility will you accept for this rate?"
If you have no company badge, get the hotel's answer before travelling. Do not assume that a business card or work email will be accepted. Keep any written response with your booking confirmation.
A report that another guest was not checked does not tell you whether your hotel will check you. If you cannot meet the qualification requirement, choose a rate you are eligible to use before arrival.